{"id":43724,"date":"2025-11-11T09:58:46","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T07:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stbb.co.za\/dev2\/?p=43724"},"modified":"2025-11-11T09:51:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T07:51:08","slug":"pulse-law-in-the-digital-age-can-an-affidavit-be-commissioned-virtually","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stbb.co.za\/dev2\/pulse-law-in-the-digital-age-can-an-affidavit-be-commissioned-virtually\/","title":{"rendered":"Pulse | Law in the digital age: Can an affidavit be commissioned virtually?"},"content":{"rendered":"

A recent ruling in Africa\u2019s Best Foods v ED Food<\/em><\/u><\/a> \u2013 delivered by a full bench of the Johannesburg High Court \u2013 offers a timely assessment of whether an affidavit commissioned virtually complies with South African law. Crucially, the case highlights the judiciary\u2019s discretion to condone virtual commissioning despite technical non-compliance \u2013 and the urgent need for statutory reform in the digital age.<\/p>\n

The facts<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the court a quo<\/em>, ED Food, a company based in Italy, instituted legal proceedings against Africa\u2019s Best Foods for the payment of monies owed. The parties later reached a settlement agreement and the action was withdrawn. When Africa\u2019s Best Foods failed to comply, ED Food sought to recover the outstanding amount. In preparing the claim, the Italian company\u2019s appointed attorneys drafted the required affidavits in South Africa, which were signed by the deponents in Italy in the virtual presence of commissioners of oaths during a video call.<\/p>\n

The dispute<\/strong><\/p>\n

Africa\u2019s Best Foods challenged the validity of ED Food\u2019s virtually commissioned affidavits for non-compliance with the law. In response, ED Food countered that the affidavits were properly commissioned, that their authenticity and integrity were preserved, and that the process had been transparently conducted.<\/p>\n

Commissioning affidavits: What does the law prescribe?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Under South African law, the commissioning of an affidavit \u2013 or sworn statement \u2013 is regulated by the Justices of the Peace and Commissioners of Oaths Act (\u2018the Act\u2019). A commissioner of oaths verifies the identity of the person signing the statement, certifies that any documents attached to the affidavit are true copies, and administers an oath to the deponent to confirm that the contents of the affidavit are true.<\/p>\n

Notably, regulation 3(1) under the Regulations to the Act provide that a deponent must sign the affidavit in the presence of a commissioner. Historically, this provision has been interpreted to mean the physical<\/em> presence of a commissioner, which thus excludes the virtual commissioning of affidavits.<\/p>\n

What did the court a quo<\/em> find?<\/strong><\/p>\n

In assessing the evidence, the court a quo<\/em> found that there was \u2018substantial compliance\u2019 with the statutory requirements for commissioning affidavits. Importantly, the court noted that the judiciary must adapt to modern technology to ensure the administration of justice, which evinces a shift in the law toward an acceptance of technological intervention. Africa\u2019s Best Foods appealed the judgment.<\/p>\n

Virtual commissioning: A clash between outdated laws and contemporary technology<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the heart of the appeal lies an increasingly germane legal issue: Does South African law currently permit virtual commissioning? In a considered ruling, Maier-Frawley J reaffirmed that the Act, which was promulgated in 1963, does not allow for the virtual commissioning of affidavits. Describing the law as \u2018outdated\u2019, the judge remarked that the Act has not \u2018adapted to embrace the age of digitalisation\u2019 where video conferencing via Zoom or Microsoft Teams is \u2018the new normal\u2019.<\/p>\n

Referencing prevailing jurisprudence, the court confirmed that regulation 3(1) has been consistently interpreted to mean that the deponent must sign in the physical presence of the commissioner. While other legislation, such as the Superior Courts Act and Criminal Procedure Act, permit witnesses to provide evidence via an audio visual link, the virtual commissioning of affidavits remains impermissible in the absence of legislative reform.<\/p>\n

Does the court have a discretion to permit the virtual commissioning of an affidavit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Despite finding that virtual commissioning does not comply with the Act, the court a quo<\/em>\u2019s decision to confirm the validity of ED Food\u2019s affidavits was upheld. Emphasising that the Regulations under the Act are directory<\/em>, substantial compliance suffices. Indeed, the judiciary has a long-recognised discretion to condone non-compliance when the essential purposes of the Regulations are met, namely to verify the deponent\u2019s identity, confirm that the oath was taken, and that the deponent understood the nature and effect of doing so.<\/p>\n

Importantly, this discretion must be exercised judicially and with due regard to the interests of justice. In this instance, the deponents each took the oath in the presence (albeit virtual) of a commissioner and Africa\u2019s Best Foods neither disputed the identity of the deponents or whether the affidavits were signed by the deponents identified by the commissioners. Accordingly, refusing to admit the affidavits would have served only to delay the payment of the outstanding monies. Maier-Frawley J concluded that the lower court had properly exercised its discretion and dismissed the appeal.<\/p>\n

Closing analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n

The judgment reflects an increasing judicial willingness to accommodate modern communication technologies, even where legislation lags behind. While virtual commissioning remains technically unlawful, our courts may \u2013 and often do \u2013 condone it to advance the interests of justice. Ultimately, however, the Act and its accompanying Regulations are relics of a pre-digital era. Without formal amendment, litigants who, for whatever reason, commissioned an affidavit virtually are forced to rely on judicial discretion. Until then, the ruling provides another timely reminder that the law must evolve in line with the realities of the digital age, where \u2018presence\u2019 need not always mean physical proximity.<\/p>\n

In need of expert assistance? For sound legal support you can count on, contact our team of litigation attorneys at info@stbb.co.za<\/u><\/a> and let us handle your disputes with professionalism and care.<\/p>\n

This content is the property of STBB. We encourage the sharing of our content for informational purposes. However, if you wish to copy or reproduce our content on your own platform or website, please ensure that proper credit is given to STBB<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A recent ruling in Africa\u2019s Best Foods v ED Food \u2013 delivered by a full bench of the Johannesburg High Court \u2013 offers a timely assessment of whether an affidavit commissioned virtually complies with South African law. Crucially, the case<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":43725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,137,193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-published-litigation-and-dispute-resolution","category-latest","category-pulse"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPulse | Law in the digital age: Can an affidavit be commissioned virtually? - STBB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is the virtual commissioning of an affidavit permissible under the law? 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