Earlier this month, government gazetted the much-anticipated Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Amendment Bill (‘the Bill’) for public comment. The Bill proposes various amendments to the PIE Act, which prohibits unlawful evictions from residential property. In essence, the amendments aim to address the balance between protecting vulnerable occupiers and strengthening the enforcement of property rights.
How the PIE Act amendments enhance property rights
Critically, the Bill does not purport to replace the core purpose of the PIE Act. Instead, it seeks to make the law more effective, easier to interpret, and simpler to enforce. A central justification for the reforms is the increase in unlawful land and building occupations, which imposes financial and administrative burdens on both the state and private sector. An additional key issue is the inconsistent interpretation of the current PIE Act – often resulting in lengthy court processes and high legal costs.
Criminalisation of incitement and organised land invasions
One of the Bill’s most significant revisions to the PIE Act is the introduction of new offences targeting those who incite unlawful occupation, organise or permit land invasions, and/or receive or solicit payment or other consideration linked to unlawful occupation.
In its draft form, the Bill provides for fines of up to R2 million, a maximum of two years’ imprisonment, and the court-ordered forfeiture of proceeds and assets derived from such activities. While enforcement has historically centred on unlawful occupiers, the amendments extend liability to those who facilitate, organise, or benefit from unlawful occupation. Crucially, this introduces a stronger deterrent against organised unlawful occupation and may help property owners and authorities to prevent invasions before they escalate.
Expanded scope of ‘persons in charge’
Under the Bill, the definition of ‘person in charge’ is broadened to include those with authority to administer or control land, not only those who grant permission to occupy it. This allows municipalities and other entities with control over land to take legal action and enables a wider range of parties to have standing in proceedings relating to unlawful occupation. Critically, this proposed amendment to the PIE Act reduces reliance on formal ownership as the sole basis for legal action by widening the category of parties who may act to protect land rights.
Mandatory joinder of state entities
The Bill requires municipalities, provincial departments of human settlements, and other relevant organs of state to be joined as parties in eviction proceedings. This ensures that all relevant state entities are involved in the proceedings from the outset, which reduces the risk of procedural delays and improves coordination.
Statutory guidance
Notably, the Bill expressly clarifies the factors that courts must consider when granting the eviction of unlawful occupiers. In determining whether an eviction is ‘just and equitable’, a court must take into account the duration of occupation, how occupation arose, the availability of alternative accommodation, and the needs of vulnerable groups, including the elderly and disabled persons. While these factors are incorporated in different parts of the PIE Act, the amendments provide clearer statutory guidance to reduce interpretative uncertainty and ensure a more consistent application of the law.
Judicial discretion on ‘alternative accommodation’
A notable amendment to the PIE Act is the express definition of ‘alternative accommodation’, which refers to ‘temporary accommodation provided by the owner, organ of state, or [authorised person] that prevents persons from being rendered homeless by an eviction order’. The Bill clarifies that courts may order alternative accommodation where appropriate, and specify the period for which such accommodation must be provided. In certain circumstances, a court may grant eviction without requiring alternative accommodation. Importantly, these provisions provide clarity while reflecting the discretion already exercised by courts in eviction matters.
Powers over structures following eviction
The Bill expressly provides that a court granting an eviction order may make any order it considers just and equitable, including the demolition or retention of structures, handling of standing crops, and payment of compensation for improvements or materials. In doing so, the court must consider factors such as consent, usefulness of the improvements, fairness of any agreements, hardship to the parties, and the circumstances of the occupation. Where compensation is ordered, the eviction may not be carried out until the compensation has been paid or adequately secured to the satisfaction of the court.
While the PIE Act already empowers a court to order the demolition and removal of structures on unlawfully occupied land, the amendments clarify the authority of the courts to resolve disputes relating to such structures and reinforces that unlawful occupation does not automatically confer rights to improvements.
Mandatory mediation mechanisms
A crucial amendment to the PIE Act is the introduction of mandatory mediation in certain instances. Where a municipality owns the land, the Bill requires that mediation be initiated by the relevant provincial authority, with a mediator appointed for that purpose. Parties may also agree to appoint a different mediator. This change provides a structured mechanism to facilitate dispute resolution and may reduce reliance on extended litigation.
Assessment of the PIE Act amendments
Published against the backdrop of an increase in the unlawful occupation of state-owned and private land, the proposed revisions to the PIE Act do not limit constitutional protections for occupiers. Instead, the amendments strengthen property rights by providing clear statutory guidance and improving enhancing enforcement mechanisms. By addressing procedural weaknesses, the Bill enhances efficiency and reduces delays.
The result is a more structured and stable legal framework. If enacted in its current form, the Bill is likely to boost legal certainty for private property owners and organs of state while maintaining the constitutional balance between ownership rights and the protection of vulnerable occupiers.
Importantly, greater legal certainty supports more stable land use and development outcomes. Indeed, the reforms are, in part, intended to contribute to an economic environment that encourages investment and growth.
To have your say on the content of the Bill, submit your comments to PIE.AmendmentBill@dhs.gov.za by 15th June 2026.
Introduced to strengthen property rights, the draft amendments to the PIE Act represent a targeted and much-needed recalibration of the existing legal framework.
For further information or expert legal assistance with any eviction-related matter, contact our experienced team of attorneys today.
This content is the property of STBB. We encourage the sharing of our content for informational purposes. However, if you wish to copy or reproduce our content on your own platform or website, please ensure that proper credit is given to STBB, along with including a link to our article.